Ohm’s Law is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering that defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. It states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across it, provided the resistance (R) remains constant. This law is essential for understanding and analysing electrical circuits in various applications.

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The formula of Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law Formula

V=I*R,

Where:

V = Voltage (in Volts)

C = Current (in Amperes)

R = Resistance (in Ohms)

Explanation of the components in Ohm’s Law

Component	Symbol	Definition	Unit
Voltage	V	The potential difference that drives the current.	Volts (V)
Current	I	The flow of electric charge through a conductor.	Amperes (A)
Resistance	R	The opposition to the flow of current.	Ohms (Ω)

Graphical representation of Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law is represented by a linear graph, where voltage (V) is plotted on the y-axis and current (I) on the x-axis. The slope of the line represents the resistance (R), indicating a direct proportionality between voltage and current.

(. |

y| *

| *

| *

| *

| *

|*

+----------------

x)

In this graph, a steeper slope indicates higher resistance, while a shallower slope represents lower resistance.

Experimental verification of Ohm’s law

Step-by-step guide:

1. Objective: To verify the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

2. Materials required:

• Resistor
• Ammeter
• Voltmeter
• Battery
• Rheostat
• Connecting wires

3. Procedure:

• Connect the circuit with a resistor in series with a battery, ammeter, and rheostat.
• Attach a voltmeter parallel to the resistor.
• Adjust the rheostat to vary the current and record the corresponding voltage.
• Plot the voltage-current values on a graph.

4. Observation:

A straight-line graph confirms, verifying Ohm’s Law.

Applications of Ohm’s law

• Designing electrical circuits and systems.
• Calculating the required resistance in devices like heaters and LEDs.
• Ensuring safety by determining current limits in wires.
• Used in troubleshooting and repairing electrical appliances.
• Essential for power distribution and load management in grids.

Limitations of Ohm’s law

• Not applicable to non-linear devices like diodes and transistors.
• Does not hold for materials that change resistance with temperature (e.g., semiconductors).
• Fails for high-frequency AC circuits where reactance comes into play.
• Limited to conductors with stable resistance properties.

Importance of Ohm’s law in daily life

Ohm’s Law is crucial for managing electrical devices at home and work. It helps calculate the correct voltage, current, or resistance to ensure device safety and efficiency. From designing household wiring to troubleshooting gadgets, this principle simplifies complex electrical problems, making it indispensable in modern life.

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