What is network gateway?
A network gateway serves as a connection point between different networks, enabling them to exchange information. It functions as a mediator, bridging the gap between dissimilar networks and facilitating data transmission.
How does network gateway work?
A physical network gateway consists of network interface cards (NICs) and inputs and outputs, typically Ethernet, along with software that translates network protocols. Gateway functions can also be defined, deployed, and controlled through software, and they are increasingly being integrated into routers and other equipment. While gateways are commonly used on the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, they have the potential to be deployed on any of the OSI layers. Standalone or virtual gateways can be placed anywhere in a network where translation is required. They can either be unidirectional, allowing data to flow in only one direction, or bidirectional, enabling data to flow both in and out of a network. As an entry or exit point for data, a gateway serves various security purposes. It can be utilized as a firewall to scan and filter data or as a proxy server to maintain restricted access to specific applications or assets.
Types of network gateways
There are three types of the network gateways, they are:
Routers act as gateways by directing data packets between multiple networks. They determine the appropriate paths for data transmission and forward them accordingly.
Firewalls, on the other hand, are network security devices that monitor incoming and outgoing network traffic. They make decisions based on predefined security policies, allowing or blocking specific traffic accordingly.
Proxy servers act as intermediaries between a user's device and the internet. They store frequently accessed content and deliver it to the user's device without the need to retrieve it from the internet again.
Gateway features and capabilities
Security is of utmost importance when it comes to network gateways. These gateways serve as a crucial location for firewalls and security software, ensuring the protection of the network. It is essential for the gateway to provide features that allow for the installation and management of security tools. In addition to this, security features have now extended to the cloud, where Secure Internet Gateway (SIGs) offer multiple layers of defense against internet-based threats.
In order to cater to various network protocols, a network gateway should possess the ability to be customized and programmed. This flexibility not only enhances security but also improves resilience.
Given that the gateway often acts as the sole connection between networks, it becomes an ideal point for monitoring and measuring network activity. It is imperative for a gateway to be easily observable and capable of receiving updates with new instructions as and when required.
Furthermore, with the aid of monitoring and observability software, a network gateway can collect valuable information from different parts of the network. This data can then be utilized for diagnostics, troubleshooting, and overall network optimization.
