TDS Return: What It Is, Who Should File It, and How to Do It Right

Whether you are earning a salary, running a business, or working independently, staying on top of taxes is non-negotiable. One of the easiest ways to do that? Understanding TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) returns.
TDS ensures taxes are collected right when income is earned, rather than at the end of the year. Filing your TDS return on time not only keeps you compliant—it also helps you avoid penalties and stay financially organised.

What is a TDS return?

TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) is a way for the government to collect taxes at the time income is generated. A TDS return is a quarterly report submitted by those who deduct tax. It contains:

• PAN of the deductee (person receiving the payment)
• Amount paid
• TDS deducted and deposited

Filing this ensures your entries match with Form 26AS—your tax credit statement—so you or the deductee can claim accurate credits at ITR time.

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Who should file a TDS return?

You must file TDS returns if you deduct tax from any payments. This includes:

• Employers deducting TDS on salaries
• Businesses making payments to vendors or professionals
• Landlords collecting rent above the TDS threshold
• Freelancers and individuals covered under a tax audit (Section 44AB)

A valid TAN (Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number) is mandatory to file returns. If you are regularly making payments that attract TDS, you are responsible for submitting quarterly returns.

Just like must file TDS returns if you deduct tax from any payments, you must also try and secure your family’s future by keeping your money safe while growing it at an inflation beating rate.

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What are the TDS deduction rates?

TDS is deducted at different rates based on payment type:

• 10% on fixed deposit interest
• 2% on rent for plant/machinery
• TDS on salary is based on income slabs
• If PAN is not provided, a higher rate applies

Staying updated with the latest rates helps avoid incorrect deductions and penalties.

TDS return forms: Choosing the right one

Different types of payments call for different return forms:

• Form 24Q – For salary payments
• Form 26Q – For non-salary payments to Indian residents
• Form 27Q – For payments to non-residents
• Form 27EQ – For Tax Collected at Source (TCS)

Filing the right form is crucial. A mismatch could result in delays or penalties, affecting the deductee's ability to claim credit during income tax filing.

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When to file TDS returns – quarterly due dates

Returns must be filed every quarter by these deadlines:

• Q1 (Apr–Jun): 31st July
• Q2 (Jul–Sep): 31st October
• Q3 (Oct–Dec): 31st January
• Q4 (Jan–Mar): 31st May

Miss these and you’ll face a late fee of Rs. 200/day under Section 234E, capped at the TDS amount.

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How to download TDS return forms

To download TDS return forms, visit the NSDL website. Go to the downloads section and select the relevant form based on your TDS type. You’ll also need the Return Preparation Utility (RPU) and File Validation Utility (FVU) for submission. These free tools help prepare and verify your return easily. Always download the latest version to avoid format issues while filing.

How to file your TDS return online

Here’s a simple guide to filing online via the Income Tax e-filing portal:

• Prepare the return using RPU
• Validate it using FVU to generate a .fvu file
• Log in to the Income Tax e-filing portal (www.incometax.gov.in) using your TAN
• Navigate to ‘e-File’ → ‘Upload TDS’
• Upload the .fvu file with a Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
• Save the acknowledgment number you receive after submission

This confirms your return is submitted and ready for processing.

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What are the requirements for uploading TDS returns?

Before you upload, ensure you have:

• A valid TAN
• A registered account on the e-filing portal
• A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
• The .fvu file generated through validation
• A signed copy of Form 27A (control chart)
• Stable internet connection

Following these steps ensures error-free filing.

How to verify your TDS return after upload

After uploading, it’s essential to verify your return:

1. Use FVU to check for any errors
2. Log in to the e-filing portal
3. Go to ‘View Filed TDS’
4. Check your return status, acknowledgment number, and details

Verification ensures proper credit is reflected in the deductee’s Form 26AS.

What if you made a mistake? How to revise your TDS return

If you spot any errors—like wrong PAN, challan info, or amount—you can revise your return:

1. Wa