Vitamin C Deficiency -Symptoms, and Treatment

Understand what Vitamin C deficiency is, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
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3 min
19-April-2024

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient required for various physiological functions in the body. While it is widely recognised for its role in supporting the immune system and promoting skin health, vitamin C deficiency can lead to serious health complications. This article delves into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for vitamin C deficiency, along with preventive strategies and the role of health insurance in managing related conditions.

What is Vitamin C deficiency?

Vitamin C deficiency, also known as ascorbic acid deficiency, occurs when the body does not have enough vitamin C to function optimally. Since humans cannot produce vitamin C on their own, it must be obtained through diet or supplementation. A deficiency in vitamin C can lead to a condition known as scurvy, characterised by various symptoms and health complications.

What is Vitamin C and its role in the body?

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as a powerful antioxidant in the body. It plays a crucial role in:

  • Collagen synthesis, essential for skin, bone, and joint health.
  • Wound healing and tissue repair.
  • Immune function, helping the body fight infections and illnesses.
  • Iron absorption, facilitating the uptake of iron from plant-based foods.
  • Antioxidant defense, neutralising free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage.

Causes of vitamin C deficiency

Vitamin C deficiency can result from various factors, including:

  • Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin C-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables.
  • Poor absorption of vitamin C due to digestive disorders or certain medications.
  • Increased requirements for vitamin C during periods of growth, pregnancy, lactation, or illness.
  • Smoking, which can deplete vitamin C levels in the body.
  • Alcoholism, which can impair vitamin C absorption and utilisation.

Also, read – Calcium deficiency diseases: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms indicating deficiency of vitamin C

The signs and symptoms of vitamin C deficiency can vary in severity and may include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Easy bruising and slow wound healing
  • Joint pain and swelling
  • Dry, rough, or scaly skin
  • Bleeding gums and tooth loss
  • Swollen or painful joints
  • Anemia
  • Scurvy, characterised by gum disease, joint pain, and skin lesions

Also, read: Scientific names of vitamins

How is vitamin C deficiency diagnosed?

Diagnosing vitamin C deficiency typically involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory testing. A healthcare provider may perform a physical examination to assess for signs of deficiency, such as skin abnormalities, gum disease, or joint pain. Blood tests, such as serum vitamin C levels or ascorbic acid concentrations, can confirm the diagnosis of deficiency.

Treatment options for vitamin C deficiency

Treating vitamin C deficiency involves replenishing vitamin C levels in the body through dietary changes or supplementation. Healthier dietary choices include consuming more vitamin C-rich foods such as citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, broccoli, and spinach. In cases of severe deficiency or malabsorption or intravenous vitamin C supplementation may be necessary under medical supervision.

Explore: Scientific names of vitamins and their sources

Prevention strategies for avoiding vitamin C deficiency

Preventing vitamin C deficiency involves adopting a balanced diet rich in vitamin C-containing foods and incorporating healthy lifestyle habits:

  • Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin C.
  • Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption, as these habits can deplete vitamin C levels in the body.
  • Cook foods properly to minimise vitamin C loss during food preparation.
  • Consider taking a vitamin C supplement if dietary intake is insufficient, particularly during times of increased need.

Health insurance for treatment of vitamin C deficiency diseases

Health insurance coverage is essential for managing vitamin C deficiency and related conditions, as it provides access to necessary medical care, diagnostic tests, and treatments. Health insurance plans may cover the cost of doctor visits, laboratory tests, nutritional counseling, and prescription medications, helping individuals manage their condition effectively and prevent complications associated with deficiency. However, it's essential to review your insurance policy and consult with your healthcare provider to understand coverage options, copayments, deductibles, and any limitations or exclusions related to the treatment of vitamin D deficiency diseases.

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How much vitamin C do I need per day?

A shortage of vitamin C can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, easy bruising, and impaired wound healing. Meeting daily requirements through diet rich in fruits and vegetables is essential to prevent deficiency-related health issues.

Age group

Daily requirement of vitamin C (mg)

Infants (0-6 months)

40 mg

Infants (7-12 months)

50 mg

Children (1-3 years)

15 mg

Children (4-8 years)

25 mg

Boys (9-13 years)

45 mg

Girls (9-13 years)

45 mg

Teen boys (14-18 years)

75 mg

Teen girls (14-18 years)

65 mg

Adult men

90 mg

Adult women

75 mg

Pregnant women

85 mg

Breastfeeding women

120 mg

 

What are the best sources of vitamin C?

Vitamin C functions as a powerful antioxidant, supporting immune function, collagen synthesis for skin health, and aiding in the absorption of iron from plant-based foods. Including these vitamin C-rich foods in your diet can help maintain optimal health and prevent deficiency-related issues.

Food source

Vitamin C content (mg per serving)

Orange juice, 1 cup

124 mg

Red bell pepper, raw, 1/2 cup

95 mg

Kiwi, 1 medium

71 mg

Strawberries, 1 cup

89 mg

Broccoli, cooked, 1/2 cup

51 mg

Brussels sprouts, cooked, 1/2 cup

48 mg

Guava, 1 medium

126 mg

Papaya, 1/2 fruit

95 mg


Vitamin C deficiency is a common nutritional disorder that can have serious consequences for health and well-being. Understanding the signs, symptoms, and risk factors of deficiency is crucial for early detection and intervention. By adopting a balanced diet, incorporating healthy lifestyle habits, and seeking timely medical care, individuals can prevent and manage vitamin C deficiency effectively. Additionally, having health insurance coverage ensures access to essential healthcare services and promotes optimal management of vitamin C deficiency and related conditions, safeguarding the health and longevity of individuals and their families.

Read more: Vitamin K Deficiency - Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

Frequently asked questions

What is vitamin C deficiency?

Vitamin C deficiency is a health condition that arises when there is an inadequate amount of vitamin C in the body. This deficiency can lead to various health problems, the most severe being scurvy.

What are the signs and symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency?

Signs and symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include fatigue, mood swings, weight loss, joint and muscle aches, easy bruising, dental issues, and dry skin and hair. If the deficiency progresses further, it can lead to scurvy, causing swollen gums, anemia, and decreased immunity.

What are some diseases associated with vitamin C deficiency?

Vitamin C deficiency can lead to diseases such as scurvy, anemia, increased susceptibility to infections due to compromised immunity, slow wound healing, and in severe cases, haemorrhage.

What are the primary causes of vitamin C deficiency?

The primary cause of vitamin C deficiency is inadequate intake or absorption of vitamin C from the diet. Other factors that can contribute to its deficiency include a diet lacking in fresh fruits and vegetables, certain chronic illnesses, and smoking.

What happens if vitamin C is deficient?

Vitamin C deficiency can lead to scurvy, characterised by fatigue, swollen gums, easy bruising, and impaired wound healing. It's crucial for collagen synthesis, immune function, and antioxidant protection.

How to increase vitamin C?

Increase vitamin C intake by consuming citrus fruits, berries, red bell peppers, and leafy greens daily. Supplement when necessary to meet recommended daily values for optimal health benefits.

What is vitamin D deficiency called?

Vitamin D deficiency is commonly referred to as ‘rickets’ in children and ‘osteomalacia’ in adults. It leads to weakened bones, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fractures.

How to check vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin deficiency can be checked through blood tests measuring nutrient levels. Symptoms, diet analysis, and medical history help guide diagnosis, ensuring appropriate treatment and dietary adjustments.

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