Appendicitis: Signs & Symptoms, Causes, and Diagnosis

Appendicitis is a medical condition that occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed, often requiring urgent medical attention. The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the large intestine, but its exact function remains unclear. When it becomes inflamed or infected, it can cause severe pain and complications if left untreated. Understanding the early signs, symptoms, causes, and diagnosis of appendicitis is essential for recognising the condition and seeking timely medical care.

What are the early signs of appendicitis?

The early signs of appendicitis often begin as mild discomfort before progressing into more severe symptoms. One of the first indications is pain around the navel, which gradually moves to the lower right side of the abdomen. This pain typically worsens over time, becoming sharp and persistent.

Other early signs may include a loss of appetite, nausea, and a mild fever. Some individuals may also experience bloating or an inability to pass gas, which can add to the discomfort. Since appendicitis can worsen quickly, recognising these early warning signs is crucial to seeking prompt medical evaluation before complications arise.

Common symptoms of appendicitis you should know

As appendicitis progresses, the symptoms become more pronounced and harder to ignore. Abdominal pain remains the most common and severe symptom, usually concentrated in the lower right side of the abdomen. This pain may intensify with movement, coughing, or deep breathing.

Nausea and vomiting often accompany appendicitis, making it difficult to eat or drink. A fever may develop as the body fights the infection, sometimes accompanied by chills. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, can also occur. In some cases, swelling in the abdomen and an overall feeling of discomfort may indicate that the appendix is inflamed.

It is important to note that symptoms can vary, particularly in children, pregnant women, and elderly individuals, who may not experience the classic lower-right abdominal pain. This variation can make appendicitis difficult to diagnose, requiring careful medical assessment.

What causes appendicitis to develop?

Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked or infected, leading to inflammation. Several factors can contribute to its development, increasing the risk of an appendicitis attack.

Common causes of appendicitis:

Blockage in the appendix – A blockage caused by stool, mucus, or a foreign object can trap bacteria, leading to infection and swelling.

Bacterial infection – An infection in the digestive tract can spread to the appendix, triggering inflammation.

Abdominal trauma – Injury or trauma to the abdomen may sometimes contribute to appendix irritation and swelling.

Gastrointestinal conditions – Conditions such as Crohn’s disease or intestinal infections can increase the likelihood of appendicitis.

Enlarged lymphoid tissue – Lymphoid follicles in the appendix can become inflamed due to infection, leading to obstruction and appendicitis.