Acidity, also known as acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common condition characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. It can lead to discomfort and other complications if left untreated. Understanding its symptoms and remedies is crucial for managing this condition effectively.
What is acidity disease?
Acidity, also known as acid reflux or heartburn, is a digestive condition where the acid produced by the stomach flows back into the food pipe, causing irritation and inflammation. This results in a burning sensation in the chest and throat known as heartburn.
Acidity disease occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. This acidic reflux can cause irritation and inflammation of the esophageal lining, resulting in symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation.
What are the causes of acidity disease?
There are multiple acid reflux causes. A few common causes of acidity disease (acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease):
- Weak Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): A weakened LES allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing acid reflux. This is often a primary contributor to GERD.
- Obesity: Extra abdominal pressure can weaken the LES, increasing the risk of acid reflux symptoms.
- Dietary triggers: Consuming acidic, spicy, fatty, or caffeinated foods and drinks can irritate the esophagus and trigger acid reflux.
- Smoking and alcohol consumption: Both smoking and excessive alcohol intake weaken the LES and increase stomach acid production, contributing to GERD.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and pressure from the growing uterus can lead to acid reflux in pregnant individuals.
- Medications: Certain medications, like anti-inflammatory drugs, blood pressure medications, and muscle relaxers, can increase acid reflux risk.
- Hiatal hernia: A hiatal hernia can weaken the LES, allowing stomach contents to rise into the esophagus more easily.
What are the specific foods that cause acid reflux?
Certain foods are notorious for triggering acid reflux symptoms. Common culprits include citrus fruits like oranges and lemons, spicy dishes, tomato-based products, chocolate, caffeine, and fatty or fried foods. Additionally, alcohol and carbonated beverages can irritate the esophagus, leading to discomfort. Identifying and avoiding these specific foods can significantly help in managing acid reflux and reducing its frequency.
What are the symptoms of acidity disease and GERD?
Acid reflux symptoms often manifest as heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, and regurgitation of food or sour liquid. Other common symptoms of acidity disease include:
1. Backwash:
This refers to the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing a sour or bitter taste in the mouth. It can be particularly bothersome after meals or when lying down.
2. Regurgitation:
Similar to backwash, regurgitation involves the sensation of food or liquid coming back up into the throat or mouth, often accompanied by a feeling of discomfort.
3. Bloating:
Many individuals experience a feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen, which can occur after eating or drinking. This symptom may be related to trapped gas.
4. Nausea:
GERD can lead to feelings of nausea, especially after meals. This discomfort can sometimes make it difficult to enjoy food.
5. Bad breath:
The presence of stomach acid in the esophagus can lead to persistent bad breath, also known as halitosis, due to the breakdown of food particles and bacteria.
6. Chest pain:
Some individuals may experience chest pain that can be mistaken for heart-related issues. This pain is usually associated with heartburn but can vary in intensity.
7. Asthma:
GERD can exacerbate asthma symptoms in some individuals. The acid can irritate the airways, leading to increased wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Do babies affect GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) can occur in infants, often causing distress for both the baby and the parents. Common symptoms in babies include frequent spitting up, irritability during feedings, and arching of the back. While many babies outgrow this condition as their digestive systems mature, persistent cases may require medical intervention to ensure proper nutrition and comfort.
What to do during an acid reflux attack
When experiencing an acid reflux attack, consider these immediate steps:
- Sit up: Maintain an upright position to reduce pressure on the stomach.
- Drink water: Sipping water can help neutralize stomach acid.
- Avoid trigger foods: Stay away from known irritants like caffeine, chocolate, and spicy foods.
- Breathe deeply: Practice deep breathing exercises to alleviate stress and discomfort.
Precautions and prevention of acidity disease
To prevent acidity disease and alleviate symptoms, individuals can take the following precautions:
- Maintain a healthy weight and avoid overeating.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid lying down immediately after eating.
- Limit intake of acidic, spicy, or fatty foods, as well as caffeine and alcohol.
- Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Elevate the head of the bed to reduce nighttime acid reflux.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga.
Also, read: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Care (GERD)
